Recently we have discussed the concept of Zone of Proximal Development introduced by Vygotsky's Sociocultural Perspective. It speaks of the phase at which a child can master a task if given appropriate help and support. As educators, we need to be very aware of where our students are in their learning process. Once we have determined that they are ready for mastery in a particular concept (ie. in the Zone of Proximal Development) the following tips will help us enhance learning:
Tip # 22- Provide learning objectives for your student. Behavioral objectives and advance organizers d=0.41 It is hard to perform well in a task when you are unsure what the task is or how to complete it. An advance organizer for example can be compared to a movie trailer. It gives students a preview of what the lesson will be and gets them excited for what is to come. Here is a link to a great article explaining advance organizers: https://www.understood.org/articles/en/common-advance-organizers-and-why-they-work
Tip # 23- Scaffolding supports students “just in time” to promote independent learning. We must use various forms of scaffolding until the children can work independently. Scaffolding d = 0.82 The image below shows an example of three different types of scaffolding; sensory, interactive, and graphic. Some examples include podcasts, physical activities, infographics, etc. The purpose is to provide stepping stones for our students to engage and understand the course material.
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Kuemper, C. (2021). [Class handout]. St. Mary's University, EDFN 311 |
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Tip # 24 Clarify and summarize Lesson elements via questioning.
Questioning d = 0.46 Students learn by self-verbalizing what they must do and then asking themselves questions. I find this tip very useful as I often talk myself through difficult tasks by breaking the tasks into smaller steps, and then continuously asking, "ok, what is next?"
Tip # 25- Visual reminders will help out students move towards independent learning. Visual reminders around our classroom can be particularly effective for English Language Learner Students, as well as early readers. Here is an example of a classroom visual reminder:
Tip # 26- Structure learning experiences for success. We learn to succeed by succeeding, we learn to fail by failing. Mastery Learning d = 0.58 Both successful and unsuccessful experiences are important in the learning process, and our students need to be very familiar with both.
Tip #27- Feedback is critical in student learning. Feedback when done well it is shown to have a high effect size of d=0.74. Just as important as feedback from teacher to student, it is also important to have student-to-teacher feedback.
Speaking of feedback here is a little extra piece of advice that really resonated with me in class:
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Kuemper, C. (2021). [Class handout]. St. Mary's University, EDFN 311 |
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References
Jennifer Russell https://blog.esc13.net/author/jenniferrussell/. (2021, March 10). Classroom setup during COVID-19: Using picture visuals. Region 13's Blog. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://blog.esc13.net/classroom-setup-during-covid-19-using-picture-visuals/.
Osewalt, G. (2021, April 21). Common advance organizers and why they work. Understood. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://www.understood.org/articles/en/common-advance-organizers-and-why-they-work.
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